Kappa (L1C1)

Anti-Kappa detects surface immunoglobulin on normal and neoplastic B-cells. In paraffin-embedded tissue, anti-kappa exhibits strong staining of kappa-positive plasma cells and cells that have absorbed exogenous immunoglobulins. When dealing with B-cell neoplasms, the determination of light chain ratios remains the centerpiece. Most B-cell lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, whereas reactive proliferations display a mixture of kappa and lambda positive cells. If only a single light chain type is detected, a lymphoproliferative disorder exists. Monoclonality is determined by a kappa-lambda ratio of greater than or equal to 3:1 or a lambda-kappa ratio greater than 2:1.1-3